an of modern China who started geography

Blessed with CNG and explore what it can do, whether he chose the second path of life, it will have a chromatic life, and have the chance to make more decisions for themselves, and geography can aid you use the second approach to life. commemoration, in this special year, words reminiscent of the habit of 15 to 17 centuries of Western explorers navigating activities. During this magnificent history books, did not leave a Chinese name. The people chose will demonstrate: historical value and significance, as well as experts and scholars have great devotion. I'm just in close contact with the commentary division, the profoundly felt album devoted to the commentary leadership and editors for their hard Han River in just two months, published in this more than 400 pages of the giant album, the number of silent work, and how many sought-after state, from which can be assumed. a scientific attitude, rigid work style, peerless skills, as well as day and night, sleepless nights hh, etc., each people who read the album, can be from a picture, one paragraph, read the words out.
Preface: The inventor found
Zhang Xiang Wen / Qiang
one of modern China who began geography? retrospective up, non-Wen Zhang period is not.
people Jie Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, primarily multi-geography main. . ZHANG Xiang text is of Jiangsu Siyang people.
25 people, Zhang Wen third location, one for Yang Shoujing their before two, orthodox public attitude to sociologists; one is on behalf of Zou Jun, map experts. Zhang Xiang-wen, the was Weng Wenhao, Impact and etc., are all students of modern European and American geographers. Thus, to advocate a point of view: Geography of China Zhang Xiang Wen pick on the history of tradition, the hub of the new school beneath the figure of Kai.
fact, for Zhang Xiang Wen, ought not say that, Because a hundred years ago, he was a somebody mm Chinese Geographical Society president, House of Representatives, the Northern Women's College presidents. But history of the dust smokes to the picture somewhat blurred.
Mr. Zhang Xiangwen portrait at the age of 48, we
findings from the Renmin University of China began.
dark lighting, the narrow iron ladder, crumple sound of the lumber, which is the Chinese People's University Library rare books room. I find a number of books, these books in 1954 Zhang Zhishan donated to the National People's Congress of the library. He was the first president of China to learn the grandson of Zhang Xiang-wen, book alms is a follow the will of his father, Zhang Xing Lang.
often be found: of thanks: educating course in one hundred and five reference for the study. Another 6 afternoon today just arranged vegetables to the table as fitting appreciation .
This expression on China's north-south dividing line, it comes from , children melodrama play, very Huan contact. a few years afterward, here a few easy to master. When we went with Mr. Zhang Xiangwen years have been the grandson of the oldest old people and great-grandsons Zhang Xiaosong Zhang Xin predecessors back to old house, the courtyard houses were built extrusion was merely the narrow avenues, old houses, although in, but already beyond admission. house like this, the people He Yikan? Photo / Wang Tong
holding a book design elegant, drawing naturalistic, beautifully printed. It is mentioned that this is the earliest geography textbooks. issued at the beginning, likened with the Zhang Wen as saying: Zhang Xiang-wen Chronicle said: words. Zhang Xiang Wen Zhu Wen mentioned, and the matter was: geology textbook, dialectic, Tracing the source, the incipient is Zhang Xiang-wen first (look several schools, he served as president of the Northern Women's College. Served as National History Compilation of Peking University, Peking University part-time spokesman, education transmission. Zhang Xiang Wen of China science communication pioneer. yarn of Geographical Sciences, Zhang Wen choosing the Essentials, diction Jie Ya, paragraph statement, transforms, learn a rhyme. though not writing, but rhythm.
, both for Mongolian Studies, Zhang Wen Dubbed the design of a studious child, castle or traveling with his father, at home and abroad, children see the guess Kai inquired, his father with the answer with the answer. a answer and respond, he gave a geographic knowledge to readers. This forms of communication, mostly accustom in later science author.
Zhang basic learning of geography comparative to the txt of the ego. readme said: Bo Xie table to our family at New Year, Private Second granduncle said that: It is a compassion children. If we can continue reading, I would like the wife of the women. dark, not 1 to depend on books to liuyin Department, squat to brain chanting, chanting Noir tin remember; or smell his students peruse, tapping it, will never forget Noir, and the book on the geography of a deep imprinted in the head were. I do not understand have a map manner also, yet they speculated that the fresco from the local human in, however the profile does no have, also with hides his situation. youth school old school, but of excellent concern to the new school. New Year's Eve, read were dozens of people.
geographical knowledge is not only self-learning, is self-Japanese. He in Shanghai Nanyang hours, Kotaro Kuribayashi teachers from Japan studying Japanese, and later with the abundance of eight school Fujita. thirty-year-old, Japanese have pass. and the Japanese people mutual translation of definite books, especially value mentioning is the mutual translation of the Japanese and people of Montesquieu, br> only these achievements, China still can not be chasing the dean of academic geography. Its most emphatic contributors to China to learn but to create.
1909 年 8 months old in Tianjin .45 Comrade Bai Yukun Zhang Xiang Wen gather Tao Mao Li, Hanhuai Li, Zhang Boling was founded in China to learn. founding at the beginning, worked with Nantong Zhang Jian to seek it. Zhang Jian said: monetary resources on behalf Jun Zou Ru? Yang Li to donate four hundred, three hundred exotic donations naval ruler of Jiangsu, since donated two hundred, three hundred and friends to donate, to pause announcement in 1938, a total of 28 years. because things change, funding was hard, periodically every month, sometimes quarterly, biannual and sometimes, sometimes combined publish. when stopping a total of 181 published. Many a forerunner in its on geography promulgated papers, such as Weng Wenhao published four, such as Zhang Xiang-wen, also published many theoretical treatises, such as the face of modern geography infancy.
100 years now. A few days later, at the Great Hall will clutch a grand anniversary. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Peking University, Beijing Normal University, Capital Normal University held Geography Conference, thousands of participants. But people will remember: Passing the torch, and the cross-handed, and rivers is great, since the source also.
> 2009, 10 of the cover on the cover of
option alternatives for the cover photo
: Dr Gang (Tibet Medog County Beibeng 7782 meters above sea level the snow-capped mountains Namjagbarwa, 742 meters above sea class the river Brahmaputra) Alternative cover

theme of our century discovery of Chinese geography, geographers from entire the hundreds of projects recommended to bully out the contents of most amuse to readers, and some even we ourselves feel vividly described the curious asset out is not an easy object to do. Of course, the more difficult the alternative of the cover.
in this selection before the Geographical Society of China president, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lu Road, tried to obtain us defined geographical discovery, both as mountains, rivers, caves, salt lakes, Danxia (topography) so intuitive geographical phenomena, there are natural divisions, agricultural zoning such systems and spatial architecture of geographical discovery. but to prefer cover, we hope that abstract away from the geographical concept of landscape from the start with all the usual close.
the theme of geographical discovery will surely contain a lot of pretty natural and cultural landscape, such as the massive Three Rivers, Mysterious Ruins, the Huaihe River border layer above layer of Qinling and the vicissitudes of the Lop Nur, Danxia and beauteous snow-capped mountains, glaciers, Zhangshiyan other.
in Sichuan, Yunnan, adjacent Tibet Mountains, the Jinsha River , Lancang and Nu Three Rivers, the scientists found that by the Lancang River from the Nu River to the minimum distance between the Jinsha River is only 80.5 km, from the remote map, the river, such as a tape, floating in the criss-cross the valley between the wavering and majestic.
There are 90s of last century several visits China Association for Scientific Expedition had Brahmaputra Canyon, from satellite remote sensing map, where deep canyons, cliffs, said to a maximum depth of 5382 meters. No one in the heart of the Grand Canyon area river, but also bears a few of the Great Falls Group, the largest waterfall 35 meters high, wide and 62.57 meters, from distant away you can listen the sound of rock waterfalls crash.
diagram Zhangshiyan scenery, 70 namely the last century, Chinese geographers study in the Taihang Mountains in the long wall of sandstone base in the ruddy scarp landscape. This scenery has a long perennial wall of Danya, step-like cliffs, perpendicular valley, the river namely normally taxed in cliffs keen drips in the fashion of waterfalls, such for the southern tip of this was taken in the Taihang Mountains in Henan Huixian customs territory of the pictures, flash floods favor the dragon out of its aperture, cascades, it is really spectacular.
but these pictures are not fully reflect our new geographical finding , the background is the Meili Snow Mountain, close scope but is a amount of the investigation team to Mount Everest Mount Everest the situation. We wish that the links across time and space, the representation of over half a century the people of the land of China's chronic to browse the process of finding . so we feel, can quite well use it as a cover to express geographical operators discovered hundreds of years.
discovery of Chinese Geographic menu
1. 1908, Zhang Xiang-wen the first time ;
Zhang Xiang Wen devoted his life to geographic schooling, and worked to Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Inner Mongolia were investigated .1908 geography, Zhang Xiang-wen in the the north, the Great Wall Yinshan. South and North China's natural geographical boundaries, rules for understanding and guidance of our natural geography of agricultural product are of great significance.
2. 1972, the Impact and the first time revealed the nearly 5 thousand years of Chinese
Impact and Climate Change published in 1972, times revealed. The basic conclusion is that from the Yin Ruins in Anyang Yangshao to two thousand years, the year mean temperature of the Yellow River Basin generally higher than now 2 ℃; after a series of well-being changes, ranging from roughly 1m2 ℃, every wag cycle, which lasted almost 400m800 years. climatic fluctuations in world history, but each of the coldest duration, seems to have first emerged from the East Asian Pacific Rim, Europe and Africa and then spread to the Atlantic coast.
3. 20 Century 50's apt 90's, Liu Dongsheng and put ahead loess Investigation and experimental analysis, achievement of the .20 multi-cycle theory of the 80's, Liu Dongsheng reconstruction based ashore 250 years of Chinese loess climate change since the history of the Chinese loess record of paleoclimatic alteration as the most major packages, and deep-sea sediment, polar ice kernels collateral to the global surroundings Change the three pillars.
4. Natural Division of China and the on topography, climate, hydrology, diving, soil, vegetation, animals and insects 8 elements of division, together with the integrated natural division, sub-nine written in 1959, .1959 published in Huang Bingwei editor of the , for the most careful and systematic monograph of the National Natural Division. it was first revealed in detail the system and the geographical area of ​​the law of China for regional economy development, macroeconomic research provides the basis for regional natural structure by Impact and .1972, Huang Bingwei community organizations such as National Geographic 200, book Hedin Ruins
1900 found that 3 at the end, the Swedish browser Sven. Hedin led his unit to the left along the dry river mattress to Rob Peacock wasteland, his gopher in the camp elected up a few chips of wood shreds, so cordial. Hedin excited .1901 on March 3 began digging and found the pagoda and 3 Block 1 with a Greek temple and the wooden creating elements of masterpiece and mores, five baht money, instruments and wooden slips and many other artifacts. then they are also southeast of the ruins discovered many beacon towers, has been amplified to the Lop Nur in the West Bank an archaic metropolis buried by sand, which is Loulan City Site. Loulan site that has an exceedingly important historical and cultural worth,I feel the floor is quite wash and we ought defend the environment, but also for the study of history during the evolution of the local natural environment provides the best instance.
6. the Chinese first discovered on Mount Everest, named in 1975 for the first time accurately measure the
early in Qing Dynasty (1719 years), ; to mark Mother Lang Mae Lin Zhu (ie Mount Everest), tampered with by the British in 1858 as Mount Everest (Mount Everest) .1951 in Qin-yu should be restored first proposed the name of Mount Everest, in 1952 the Chinese government officially .1958 reinstate the name of Mount Everest, Lin Chao published Measuring team wins housing, distribution and possession of Chu Lan bleeding children of Pakistan, this. meters, has been used nigh the world; 2005 3S National Mapping Agency and the petition of modern geophysical techniques, the measured height of Mount Everest as 8,844.43 m date. The results won recognition of UNESCO and the world (stop using 1975 data ).
7. 1935, the Hu Huanyong proposed Heihe (Aihui) m Tengchong line that Banbi sparsely populated, accounting for 64% of land area, its population accounts for only 4% of the nation, after this line is shrieked Exact measurements show that, according to Hu Huanyong line is thought as the country's total land area of ​​Southeast Banbi 43.8%, 94.1% of the total population, average population density is 285 humans per square kilometer; Northwest Banbi the country's total land area of ​​56.2%, 5.9% of the total population The average population density is 14 people per square kilometer. Banbi Northwest Southeast Banbi and the ratio of the total population is still 94 ︰ 6.
8. 20 Century 50's to 90's, to Liu Dongsheng, Shi, Sun Honglie and other chairmen of the Tibetan Plateau made a array of comprehensive scientific survey key findings to the tropical Himalayan
① found: something over 2,000 kilometers, extra than the digit of times the current, high temperature, type of hydrothermal movement shows wealthy tropical constitute an indispensable global to a ring, disciplines to fill the breaches in geothermal. ② Tibetan Plateau uplift process and the proposed formation and development of the highland monsoon: the 360 ​​million years to uplift the stage appointed of the and the relationship between the curtate zone; specify the alpine desert, alpine steppe plant zones such as the type and make of the high plateau of Tibet, the theory of vegetation. ④ Tsangpo Jiang Zhengyuan acknowledged and the Plateau chilly dry core: OKAY Pierre Tsangpo Jiang Zhengyuan Central were more than Sven . Hedin than the estate of the library identified a long fabric, water is too massive; accustomed in the Kunlun Shannan Wing - North Qiangtang Plateau is cold and dry highland of the core zone, and via the navel of the northern margin of Altun Gobi area and gaxun connected to form Asia arid highland core. ⑤ resolve the reasons lakes and chemical characteristics of lakes in the geographical areas of change: a crowd of lakes on the plateau proved crustal uplift process is broken alternatively trampled and the formation of lake water depth, power, temperature, etc., found that numerous middle and massive lakes have thermal characteristics of reserves; the chemical characteristics of plateau lakes with premonitory changes of the geographical area of ​​the other. ⑥ research on the Tibetan Plateau ice core reveals climate history change.
9.20 the 50's, Zhen Zhu Da, found that Chinese desert formation and movement decree
1952, the Ministry of Railway Survey and Design Institute and the Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences to carry out the southern margin of the Tengger desert sand dune landscape, and mobile Location observational studies Shapotou Zhongwei in Ningxia in 1954 created China's premier observatory .1959 sand sand control group set up in Chinese Academy of Sciences, the major abandon in China and overseas. Zhu Da, earthquake Quaternary palaeogeography from the desert districts, underlying sediment essay, differentiation specifics of begin,toronto asian escort, namely The elementary process of the formation and movement rules.
10. Yangtze River, Yellow River, the source of the discovery and measurement of the Lancang
1976 and 1978, on the Yangtze River Yangtze River Water Resources Commission conducted two site visits to validation the Yangtze River has three sources, Source Chumaerhe North, South source when the music, and originated in the main peak of Geladandong Tanggula Mountain glaciers such as ginger basis Di Tuotuohe assured source, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography and calculating the length of 6,300 km .1952 Yellow River Conservancy Commission Yellow Heyuan were investigated to determine the column about old cases is the source of the Yellow River drainage, length of 5446 km .1978 Yellow River, the Qinghai Bureau of Surveying and Mapping staff re-organization of the Yellow River source inspection, make cards on the Yellow River is the source of music . About a dozen sources of Lancang saying in June 1999 study by the Institute of Remote Sensing measurement results is that its source in Qinghai Province, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Toyama Kyrgyzstan heteropoly County, 5,200 meters above sea level. From here the date, the Lancang River ( Mekong River) is the length of 4909 km.
three rivers, the Jinsha River in the sum of water the most. This is the territory of Lijiang, Austin giant canyon, the Jinsha River flows from the distance as the Haba Snow Mountain. in connection with the Nu River, Lancang River stream side by side 170 kilometers, in the town of Lijiang Shek Kwu, the Jinsha River northward rotating a edge away. Editor / Yasumizu Photo Editor / Wang Tong layout design / photo medium Bin / Xie Gang
This is the Lancang River slip tube Deqin County partition of the river. Lancang River Valley into the Meili, the river tapered, fast-flowing, no longer crossing, the history of the river thanks to the line Liusuo disdain, so the bank has a village named afterward the the larynx, the plateau monsoon phenomenon
20 50 mid-century, high heat from the Jubilee, etc. According to the role of the Tibetan Plateau that plateau for the summer heat,shanghai massage, the surface layer is the thermal pressure, the plateau for the cold source in winter, the formation of high pressure, and the pressure field corresponding to an altitude of 1,000 meters in altitude, dominating wind direction opposite to form a winter and summer monsoon layer, this finding Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its circling area of ​​research is important climate.
12. 20 century, Chinese and foreign scholars discovered and named the landform
20 century, went to study Chinese and foreign scholars Lop Nur region, in Rob Heath large area of ​​uplift found in the mound topography, locally known as over, landscape.
13. Zhou Lisan, Deng Jing, the Zhong Gongfu and so proposed that the agricultural zoning program, Wu Chuanjun other compilation Reference to the Western and Soviet agricultural situation theory, agricultural type, and agricultural zoning, based on the substantial situation in China, in the 20th century, the mid-60s proposed Agricultural regionalization. the procedure in consensus with the regional agricultural production conditions, characteristics, latent and way and manner, according to local approximation and differences amid regions of the conviction of division of descending level by level, the formation of alter characteristics, another levels of the national comprehensive agricultural zoning system. with this reach, presided over the 20th century, has ready 70 Wu Chuanjun a scientific basis.
here is a gradual conversion to the plateau in western Sichuan Plain, the typical mixed farming land of the south side of 318 national road, ample to grow peas, wheat and rape of water. Editor / Photo Editor Liu Jing / Sun Yibo layout design / photo medium Bin / Xie Gang
14. 1928 years, Feng Jinglan discovered and named the Danxia wafer, followed by Chinese scholars define landform
1928 years, Feng Jinglan other counties in the northern chapter of Guangdong found the formation of Renhua Danxia layer of red conglomerate, named in) such investigation and study, named the characteristics of continental sedimentary rocks from the red sand and gravel composition, is the world's endemic group found that low selenium strap, which reveals the geographical delivery of Keshan disease law
1935 年 Keshan ailment first found in Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province, named Keshan disease. Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography, endemic group from the 20th century carried out since the late 60s Keshan endemic area of ​​environmental studies behaved among and appearance the endemic area and non-endemic area decision of selenium in the environment, water and edible found in the ward selenium significantly lower blood selenium ward populations and hair Selenium is also low, indicating that selenium deficiency and Keshan disease is closely narrated. The survey found that in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, there is a desolate area with low selenium, the seriously ill area at an top of more than 200m2000 meters, generally located in the second-level tread of the terrain along the Mountains, Changbai Mountains, the Taihang Mountains, to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Liupanshan mountain. This discovery of the obstruction of Keshan disease and the treatment of scientific root.
16. 1934 年 Wenjiang the first time such as hypsometric outline drawing of large natural atlas composed of three series of town plans, series chart 7, with Royal Jacobs equal area projection. mediocre map 44, by latitude and longitude lines framing, multi-cone projection. The first scientific atlas reflects China's topography is three level overview of steps to open up a new era of cartography .20 century, 60 years, the Impact and, Huang Bingwei mastery, Shu-Peng Chen chaired over compilation of the map shows more than one million words, is the first comprehensive atlas of large-scale natural.
17. silver fir, fir, ibis and other beasts and plants found in the relict
silver fir is a species endemic to China, 20th century, 50 years, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Zhong Ji Xin, the first in Guangxi Lingui discovered in 1957 by Miss Chan-yong, Marina may designate name; Metasequoia is the world's rare relict plant, the 20th century, 40 in the early to the priesthood first in Hubei, Sichuan boundary Lichuan plan River Road (the Brothers River) found a surviving mammoth trees of Metasequoia, Wang warfare prototype specimens collected, to 1946, research by the identification of Adherence and Zheng Wanjun it is to survive on Earth billions of years antecedent had the Metasequoia; crested ibis is infrequent rare birds, in May 1981, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, bird, in the gold home in Middle River, Yao Formation found two lairs of Crested Ibis, a total of 2 pairs of adult birds, three chicks, crested ibis The re-discovery caused great shock at home and abroad.
18. 20 Century 80, land Avenue, proposed Land Boulevard in the 20th century in reference location 80 on a mutual basis, that ; the same time, point an axis as the basic structure of the 1994, Yang Yi and other domains recognized as the world's Brahmaputra Canyon Grand Canyon Association has
China Scientific Expedition in 1991 and 1993, the Grand Canyon of Yarlung expedition In 1994 Yang Yi domain, Gao, Li Bogang hygiene arguments confirmed Tsangpo Grand Canyon is the world's largest canyon. Canyon length 496.3 km, the depth of 5382 m .1998 late October to early December, the union has systematized expedition through the Grand Canyon on foot, and measurement of the Grand Canyon, beyond defined the status of the world's largest canyon.
10 month in the Tibetan mountain town Medog County Beibeng plateau captured landscape. distant snow-capped mountains is 7782 m above sea level with the Nanjia Ba Wanan incline, bottom of the screen is only 742 meters above sea level in the Brahmaputra GANG, where you can truly feel the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the zangbo water channel north of the Grand Canyon, and met the Tibetan plateau after the air flow, each a.m. in the Brahmaputra valley to form a thick cloud over, until gradually scattered after 10. Editor / Picture Geng Fei Lin Edit / Wang Tong layout design / Lee Sheng Photo / Xie Gang
by the Indian Ocean to the lukewarm climate transported northward along the Brahmaputra Canyon, the largest ... the formation of the Tibetan Plateau